Digestive issues are more common than you might think. From acid reflux and bloating to more serious conditions like Crohn’s disease and colon cancer, many people suffer from problems related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. When over-the-counter remedies or primary care visits don’t resolve the issue, it may be time to consult a specialist—specifically, a gastroenterologist.
In this article, we’ll explore what a gastroenterologist does, the conditions they treat, and the signs that indicate you should make an appointment with one.
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What Is a Gastroenterologist?
A gastroenterologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the digestive system, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This complex system includes:
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small and large intestines
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Rectum and anus
These specialists receive extensive training—usually 5 to 6 years beyond medical school—specifically in internal medicine and gastroenterology. Some may also pursue additional training in sub-specialties like hepatology (liver diseases) or advanced endoscopic procedures.
What Does a Gastroenterologist Do?
Gastroenterologists provide a range of services, including diagnostic procedures, medical management, and prevention. Their responsibilities include:
- Diagnosing GI Conditions
They use specialized tools and tests to identify the cause of digestive symptoms. Common diagnostic procedures include:
- Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera inserted into the digestive tract to view internal organs.
- Colonoscopy: A procedure to examine the colon and detect polyps, inflammation, or cancer.
- Capsule endoscopy: A small, swallowable camera that captures images of the small intestine.
- Liver biopsy and imaging tests: To evaluate liver function and damage.
- Treating Digestive Disorders
Gastroenterologists manage chronic and acute conditions, such as:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
- Peptic ulcers
- Celiac disease
- Gallstones
- Pancreatitis
- Liver diseases like hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis
- Cancer Screening and Prevention
They play a vital role in preventing and detecting gastrointestinal cancers. Colonoscopies, for example, can detect colorectal cancer early—or prevent it entirely by removing precancerous polyps.
- Managing Nutritional Disorders
Some gastroenterologists assist with diagnosing and managing malabsorption issues, food intolerances, and weight management problems tied to digestive health.
Why Would You Need to See a Gastroenterologist?
Not all stomachaches require a specialist, but some symptoms or conditions should be evaluated by a gastroenterologist. Here are key reasons to make an appointment:
- Persistent Heartburn or Acid Reflux
If you’re using antacids more than a few times a week or experience chest pain and a burning sensation, it could be GERD. A gastroenterologist can confirm the diagnosis and offer long-term treatment to prevent esophageal damage.
- Chronic Abdominal Pain or Bloating
Ongoing pain, cramping, or bloating that doesn’t resolve could be related to IBS, food sensitivities, or even more serious issues like IBD or cancer.
- Frequent Diarrhea or Constipation
While occasional bowel irregularities are normal, chronic changes in your bowel habits may signal an underlying disorder that requires medical evaluation.
- Rectal Bleeding or Blood in Stool
This is never normal and should be evaluated immediately. It could be due to hemorrhoids, ulcers, diverticulosis, or even colorectal cancer.
- Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without trying may point to malabsorption, cancer, or chronic disease—all within a gastroenterologist’s area of expertise.
- Jaundice or Liver Issues
Yellowing of the skin or eyes could be a sign of liver disease. A gastroenterologist can order liver function tests and imaging to identify the cause.
- Family History of GI Conditions
If colon cancer, Crohn’s disease, or other digestive conditions run in your family, it’s wise to consult a specialist for early screening and risk assessment.
What to Expect at a Gastroenterologist Appointment
A first visit typically includes:
- A thorough review of your medical history and symptoms
- Physical examination, especially of the abdomen
- Discussion of lifestyle, diet, and medications
- Potential recommendations for further testing (e.g., endoscopy, blood work)
Gastroenterologists often work closely with nutritionists, primary care doctors, and even mental health professionals to provide comprehensive care, especially for chronic GI issues.
Do You Need a Referral?
In many cases, yes—especially if your health insurance requires one. Your primary care physician can help determine whether a referral is appropriate based on your symptoms.
Final Thoughts
Your digestive health plays a crucial role in your overall well-being. While occasional indigestion or irregularity is usually nothing to worry about, persistent or severe symptoms deserve professional attention.
A gastroenterologist is specially trained to detect, manage, and prevent a wide range of gastrointestinal conditions. Whether it’s persistent heartburn, abnormal bowel movements, or simply age-appropriate cancer screening, don’t ignore the signs your digestive system may need expert care.
READ MORE: What Does Heartburn Feel Like?
Sources:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24198-gastroenterologist
https://healthsurgeon.com/health/understanding-heartburn-and-foods-that-help-prevent-it/
https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2022/feb/7-signs-its-time-to-see-a-gastroenterologist/