Knee Pain Explained: When to Consider a Knee Replacement and What to Expect

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among adults and can stem from a variety of causes ranging from injury to chronic conditions like arthritis. While many cases can be managed with conservative treatments such as physical therapy or medications, there comes a point where surgery—particularly knee replacement—may become the best option.

But how do you know if your knee pain warrants a replacement? This article provides a detailed overview of knee pain causes, available treatments, and the signs that indicate it might be time to consider knee replacement surgery.

 

Understanding Knee Pain: Common Causes

The knee is a complex joint made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Because it bears much of the body’s weight and is involved in virtually every movement, it’s highly susceptible to both injury and wear over time. Some of the most frequent causes of knee pain include:

1. Osteoarthritis

This is the most common cause of knee pain, especially in older adults. Osteoarthritis results from the gradual wear and tear of the cartilage that cushions the knee joint, leading to inflammation, stiffness, and pain.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the joints, causing pain, swelling, and joint damage.

3. Injuries

Ligament tears (like ACL or MCL), meniscus injuries, and fractures can lead to acute or chronic knee pain. Some injuries may never fully heal, resulting in persistent discomfort.

4. Tendonitis and Bursitis

Overuse or repetitive stress can lead to inflammation of the tendons (tendonitis) or the fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joint (bursitis).

5. Obesity

Excess weight places additional stress on the knees, accelerating joint damage and increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.

 

Symptoms That Shouldn’t Be Ignored

Not all knee pain means you need surgery. But some symptoms suggest more serious issues that may require surgical intervention:

• Persistent or worsening pain that doesn’t respond to medication
• Pain that disrupts daily activities, such as walking or climbing stairs
• Frequent swelling or inflammation
• Severe stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity
• Grinding or clicking noises in the joint
• Visible deformity in the knee
• Limited range of motion
• Difficulty sleeping due to knee discomfort

If you’re experiencing these symptoms, it’s essential to consult an orthopedic specialist for a comprehensive evaluation.

 

Non-Surgical Treatments to Try First

Before considering surgery, many doctors will recommend trying conservative, non-invasive treatments. These include:

1. Physical Therapy

Strengthening the muscles around the knee can help stabilize the joint and reduce pain.

2. Anti-Inflammatory Medications

NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen can reduce inflammation and pain.

3. Corticosteroid Injections

These injections can offer temporary relief by reducing inflammation within the joint.

4. Hyaluronic Acid Injections

Also known as viscosupplementation, these injections provide lubrication to help the knee joint move more smoothly.

5. Weight Management

Losing even a small amount of weight can significantly decrease knee joint stress.

6. Braces and Orthotics

Supportive devices can help offload pressure and improve alignment.

 

When Is It Time to Consider Knee Replacement?

Knee replacement—also known as knee arthroplasty—is a procedure where damaged portions of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components. While it’s not the first-line treatment, it becomes a viable option when:

• Pain is constant and severe: If pain is present even during rest or at night, it may be time to consider surgery.
• Everyday activities are limited: If simple tasks like getting out of a chair, walking short distances, or going up stairs are difficult, joint replacement may be necessary.
• Other treatments have failed: If months of physical therapy, injections, and medications haven’t improved symptoms, surgical intervention could offer long-term relief.
• X-rays or MRI show advanced joint damage: Imaging can confirm the extent of arthritis or degeneration that may not be evident through physical examination alone.
• You’re in good general health: Ideal candidates are healthy enough to undergo anesthesia and post-surgery rehabilitation.

Types of Knee Replacement

There are two main types of knee replacement surgeries:

1. Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

The entire knee joint is replaced with artificial components. This is the most common and generally recommended for those with widespread joint damage.

2. Partial Knee Replacement (PKR)

Only the damaged portion of the knee is replaced. This is ideal for patients with damage confined to one area of the knee.

What to Expect from Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement is a major surgery, but it has a high success rate and can dramatically improve quality of life. Here’s what to expect:

• Surgery Duration: Typically lasts 1–2 hours.
• Hospital Stay: Most patients stay 1–3 days.
• Recovery Time: Full recovery takes about 3–6 months, with physical therapy playing a crucial role.
• Pain Relief: Most patients report significant pain reduction and increased mobility within weeks.
• Longevity: Artificial knees can last 15–20 years or more, depending on the patient’s activity level and overall health.

Risks and Considerations

As with any major procedure, knee replacement carries some risks:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Implant loosening or wear over time
• Nerve or blood vessel damage
• Ongoing stiffness or discomfort

However, with proper post-operative care and rehabilitation, most complications are rare and manageable.

 

Final Thoughts

Knee pain can range from mildly annoying to completely debilitating. For those suffering from severe, persistent knee issues that don’t improve with conservative treatments, knee replacement surgery may be a life-changing solution. It offers long-term relief, restored mobility, and a return to daily activities without constant pain.

If you’re unsure whether surgery is right for you, consult with an orthopedic surgeon for a personalized evaluation. Catching joint issues early and exploring all treatment avenues can make a significant difference in your long-term joint health.

 

READ MORE: Bad Habits That May Be Contributing To Your Knee Pain

 

Sources:
https://www.orlandoortho.com/is-your-knee-pain-serious-10-signs-you-shouldnt-ignore/
https://www.brownhealth.org/be-well/alternative-therapies-joint-pain-non-surgical-treatments
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-knee-replacement/